astrina

Crypto exchange

Rates, reserves and limits from the exchangers themselves — plus our own check of each one against regulator lists and threat feeds.

rates from 07:58 UTC 657 exchangers 56254 directions
You send
You receive · best offer
BTC → Tether TRC20 (USDT) BTC → Tether ERC20 (USDT) BTC → Tether BEP20 (USDT) BTC → Ethereum (ETH) BTC → Litecoin (LTC) 1 BTC = 76 007.65 USDTPOLYGON at the best offer
No documents Fixed rate Automatic Takes my amount
83 of 173 exchangers 90 hidden by filters
#Exchanger You sendYou receive Reserve
1
Swappix best rate
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 40 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 973.96
USDTPOLYGON
757 567 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.06864084–66.0008 BTC
Exchange
2
Bitsz
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 28 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 973.71
−0.24927887 vs best
70 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03959654–158.3862 BTC
Exchange
3
Global-Ex
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 80 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7951 vs best
508 279 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.08–50.0000 BTC
Exchange
4
MarketExchange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 25 mo in business ⚠ 1 open complaint
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7953 vs best
30 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.02771754–26.3977 BTC
Exchange
5
CryptoMonitor
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 21 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7955 vs best
45 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.04619596–118.7896 BTC
Exchange
6
CryptoBarMen
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 93 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7962 vs best
12 465 114 USDTPOLYGON
limits 1.7000–164.0459 BTC
Exchange
7
Kupitman
? not checked □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 44 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7962 vs best
10 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.05–7.0000 BTC
Exchange
8
Грааль
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 26 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7962 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0505–12.8314 BTC
Exchange
9
LetsGo
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 23 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7962 vs best
10 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.1–20.0000 BTC
Exchange
10
MoonLight
? not checked □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 26 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7964 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.054–13.1604 BTC
Exchange
11
KeysTop
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 21 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 901.16
−72.7964 vs best
980 200 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.046–12.5287 BTC
Exchange
12
Ybexio
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 39 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 779.98
−193.9743 vs best
50 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03299707–32.9971 BTC
Exchange
13
Lizex
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 19 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 779.98
−193.9753 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00263976–13.1988 BTC
Exchange
14
CosmoChanger
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 68 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 315.53
−658.4262 vs best
1 395 191 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.15000001–50.0000 BTC
Exchange
15
CoinPayMaster
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⏳ manual ◷ 97 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 265.67
−708.2868 vs best
20 160 252 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.44999999–50.0000 BTC
Exchange
16
GetMoney
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 13 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 173.30
−800.6571 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.05–13.1988 BTC
Exchange
17
BroGuru
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 57 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 021.95
−952.0121 vs best
7 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.06334542–11.8773 BTC
Exchange
18
OpenChange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 133 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 011.34
−962.6197 vs best
18 600 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.06599423–26.3977 BTC
Exchange
19
Sharky
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 54 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 008.41
−965.5475 vs best
5 500 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.052793–6.5992 BTC
Exchange
20
BucksBunny
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 47 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
249 000.94
−973.0230 vs best
10 850 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.065992–13.1983 BTC
Exchange
21
JohnnyDo
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 61 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 991.96
−981.9949 vs best
6 500 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.065994–9.8991 BTC
Exchange
22
ProtonPlus
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 48 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 972.03
−1 001.93 vs best
7 600 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.052795–15.8386 BTC
Exchange
23
XChangic
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 90 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 921.59
−1 052.37 vs best
938 927 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00132122–12.4053 BTC
Exchange
24
PoxBuy
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 11 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 835.96
−1 138.00 vs best
5 652 383 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03139479–7.8487 BTC
Exchange
25
Bitality
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 74 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 800.00
−1 173.96 vs best
1 961 187 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.2–100.0000 BTC
Exchange
26
Delets
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 95 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 718.00
−1 255.96 vs best
1 134 386 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.04–15.0000 BTC
Exchange
27
EasyBit
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 82 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 603.87
−1 370.08 vs best
9 984 824 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0004–132.0900 BTC
Exchange
28
RamonCash
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 100 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 593.46
−1 380.50 vs best
5 500 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.05–72.7630 BTC
Exchange
29
CryptoGin
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 53 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 566.86
−1 407.09 vs best
15 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.08916447–50.0000 BTC
Exchange
30
Kursov24
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 79 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 562.19
−1 411.77 vs best
50 000 074 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.05915484–7.5115 BTC
Exchange
31
BitKit
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 40 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 443.85
−1 530.10 vs best
810 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0132376–10.7225 BTC
Exchange
32
Changee
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 46 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 401.03
−1 572.93 vs best
553 024 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.16500202–13.1992 BTC
Exchange
33
Clean-Exchange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 77 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 300.29
−1 673.67 vs best
32 613 923 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03973576–431.9796 BTC
Exchange
34
CoinCraddle
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 79 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 276.45
−1 697.51 vs best
757 567 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.13200161–13.1992 BTC
Exchange
35
GeekChange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 32 mo in business ⚠ 1 open complaint
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 240.01
−1 733.95 vs best
1 708 927 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0066–4.0000 BTC
Exchange
36
X-Pay
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 134 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 061.82
−1 912.14 vs best
2 011 811 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.025–6.6290 BTC
Exchange
37
CinusExc
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 23 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
248 050.74
−1 923.22 vs best
999 278 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03965395–13.2180 BTC
Exchange
38
EasyBusy
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 29 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 962.81
−2 011.15 vs best
1 484 613 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.052788–11.8773 BTC
Exchange
39
ObminClub
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 11 mo in business ⚠ 2 open complaints
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 931.16
−2 042.80 vs best
10 020 992 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0006–5.0000 BTC
Exchange
40
Даркен
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 59 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 863.37
−2 110.59 vs best
1 961 897 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.03–26.0316 BTC
Exchange
41
ChangeHero
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 110 mo in business ⚠ 2 open complaints
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 811.31
−2 162.65 vs best
3 848 318 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0103929–155.8936 BTC
Exchange
42
99Rates
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 19 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 750.45
−2 223.51 vs best
4 875 731 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.02389437–64.7236 BTC
Exchange
43
1Mile
✓ clean on our feeds ▤ documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 109 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 685.71
−2 288.25 vs best
8 926 672 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0049–13.2781 BTC
Exchange
44
ImExchanger
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 130 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 678.26
−2 295.70 vs best
25 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.066–15.8386 BTC
Exchange
45
YellowChanger
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 44 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 677.79
−2 296.17 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01–13.0000 BTC
Exchange
46
Bitok777
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 109 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 501.33
−2 472.63 vs best
17 836 527 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01594561–26.5760 BTC
Exchange
47
Rim-Exchange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 12 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 501.33
−2 472.63 vs best
50 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0039864–664.4005 BTC
Exchange
48
ExchangeExpress
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 108 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 418.15
−2 555.81 vs best
20 315 157 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.04120668–30.7742 BTC
Exchange
49
StoreBucks
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 36 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
247 252.21
−2 721.75 vs best
50 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00399042–665.0699 BTC
Exchange
50
ECashExpert
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 54 mo in business ⚠ 1 open complaint
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 695.95
−3 278.01 vs best
1 218 819 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.003999–200.0000 BTC
Exchange
51
GoExme
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 46 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 648.17
−3 325.79 vs best
757 693 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.32994915–13.1992 BTC
Exchange
52
Boss-Exchange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 18 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 460.75
−3 513.21 vs best
2 487 404 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0023–13.3441 BTC
Exchange
53
AlpinaEx
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 18 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 423.02
−3 550.94 vs best
503 424 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.04003846–6.6731 BTC
Exchange
54
Crypto007
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 29 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 422.11
−3 551.85 vs best
3 983 433 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0036–13.3462 BTC
Exchange
55
Moneta365
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 46 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
246 217.21
−3 756.74 vs best
5 632 282 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.0028–13.3573 BTC
Exchange
56
AppBit
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 66 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 754.67
−4 219.29 vs best
998 491 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00746228–13.3623 BTC
Exchange
57
Best-Obmen
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 112 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 643.85
−4 330.10 vs best
4 999 043 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01338849–6.5202 BTC
Exchange
58
Dvizh
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 52 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 524.96
−4 448.99 vs best
5 688 292 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.001–6.6975 BTC
Exchange
59
NextBit
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 78 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 383.81
−4 590.15 vs best
37 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00670134–13.4027 BTC
Exchange
60
KZ007
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 101 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 375.19
−4 598.77 vs best
516 658 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01206283–6.3968 BTC
Exchange
61
CashRocket
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 41 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 353.74
−4 620.22 vs best
487 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01340432–6.5279 BTC
Exchange
62
AbcObmen
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 77 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
245 162.20
−4 811.76 vs best
10 492 016 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00155–6 590 000.00 BTC
Exchange
63
YChanger
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 113 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 974.44
−4 999.52 vs best
20 017 424 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00154–1 540.00 BTC
Exchange
64
MultiVal
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 160 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 885.56
−5 088.39 vs best
996 393 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.01342995–13.3815 BTC
Exchange
65
BTC2Pay
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 106 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 636.44
−5 337.51 vs best
5 999 190 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00537745–80.6508 BTC
Exchange
66
BaksMan
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ∿ floating ◷ 122 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 605.64
−5 368.32 vs best
1 376 528 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00235158–4.7000 BTC
Exchange
67
AxoCash
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 17 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 542.84
−5 431.12 vs best
1 260 460 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.004–10.0000 BTC
Exchange
68
Izi
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 27 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 421.23
−5 552.73 vs best
2 296 615 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.004–10.0000 BTC
Exchange
69
818Finance
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 54 mo in business ⚠ 1 open complaint
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 303.09
−5 670.87 vs best
2 275 446 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.004–10.0000 BTC
Exchange
70
ObmenoFF
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 119 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 138.20
−5 835.76 vs best
1 473 021 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00606198–13.4561 BTC
Exchange
71
FastEx
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 25 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
244 007.56
−5 966.39 vs best
1 436 196 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00606522–13.4633 BTC
Exchange
72
Ex-Money
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 92 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
242 883.46
−7 090.50 vs best
20 018 327 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00033–1 540.00 BTC
Exchange
73
Express-PM
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 14 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
242 434.90
−7 539.06 vs best
12 309 143 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.02713141–166.9822 BTC
Exchange
74
Вобменка
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 100 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
242 145.24
−7 828.72 vs best
12 309 143 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.02716386–167.1819 BTC
Exchange
75
RoyalCash
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 82 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
241 849.34
−8 124.61 vs best
51 000 675 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00087–1 320.00 BTC
Exchange
76
Hinadex
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ∿ floating ◷ 33 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
241 403.68
−8 570.28 vs best
707 327 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.003949–10.0000 BTC
Exchange
77
1WM
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 141 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
241 389.40
−8 584.56 vs best
12 315 732 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.02724892–167.7952 BTC
Exchange
78
OneMoment
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 78 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
239 946.95
−10 027.01 vs best
1 230 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.000137–15.0000 BTC
Exchange
79
BlaBlaMoney
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 59 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
239 538.35
−10 435.60 vs best
50 045 818 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00137297–155.0000 BTC
Exchange
80
Xchange
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 166 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
236 862.76
−13 111.20 vs best
75 064 901 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00132–155.0000 BTC
Exchange
81
CoinStart
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 93 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
235 161.04
−14 812.92 vs best
620 643 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00021–15.0000 BTC
Exchange
82
24PayBank
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⏳ manual ◷ 128 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
231 876.18
−18 097.78 vs best
10 009 060 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.00141834–154.0000 BTC
Exchange
83
Котлета
✓ clean on our feeds □ no documents ⚡ automatic ◷ 39 mo in business
3.2888 BTC
no sending fee
229 232.81
−20 741.15 vs best
1 000 000 USDTPOLYGON
limits 0.000215–15.0000 BTC
Exchange
And what we measured ourselves 3 of 3 answered
Exolix best of the three
1.0000 BTC
75 126.23  07:54 UTC
Exchange
ChangeNOW
1.0000 BTC
74 896.90  07:54 UTC
Exchange
Godex
1.0000 BTC
73 703.41  07:54 UTC
Exchange

These three we ask ourselves, every five minutes, and keep every answer with the time it was given. The list above is what the exchangers publish about themselves.

What you receive is computed from the exchanger’s own rate and its own declared fees, for the amount you entered — not from a market average. “Clean on our feeds” means the site appears in none of our threat sources; it is the result of a check, not a recommendation. We are not paid by the exchangers listed here.

What this page answers